The Foundation of Classical Mechanics

Retarded Electromagnetic Interaction and Dynamic Foundation of Classical Statistical Mechanics

It is provided in the paper that the non-conservative dissipative force and asymmetry of time reversal can be naturally introduced into classical statistical mechanics after retarded electromagnetic interaction between charged micro-particles is considered. In this way, the rational dynamic foundation for classical statistical physics can established and the revised Liouville’s equation is obta...

the study of practical and theoretical foundation of credit risk and its coverage

پس از بررسی هر کدام از فاکتورهای نوع صنعت, نوع ضمانت نامه, نرخ بهره , نرخ تورم, ریسک اعتباری کشورها, کارمزد, ریکاوری, gdp, پوشش و وثیقه بر ریسک اعتباری صندوق ضمانت صادرات ایران مشخص گردید که همه فاکتورها به استثنای ریسک اعتباری کشورها و کارمزد بقیه فاکتورها رابطه معناداری با ریسک اعتباری دارند در ضمن نرخ بهره , نرخ تورم, ریکاوری, و نوع صنعت و ریسک کشورها اثر عکس روی ریسک اعتباری داردو پوشش, وثی...

Bohmian Mechanics as the Foundation of Quantum Mechanics

In order to arrive at Bohmian mechanics from standard nonrelativistic quantum mechanics one need do almost nothing! One need only complete the usual quantum description in what is really the most obvious way: by simply including the positions of the particles of a quantum system as part of the state description of that system, allowing these positions to evolve in the most natural way. The enti...

Classical Mechanics

here xi = (xi1, . . . , xid) are coordinates of the i-th particle and ∂xi is the gradient (∂xi1 , . . . , ∂xid); d is the space dimension (i.e. d = 3, usually). The potential energy function will be supposed “smooth”, i.e. analytic except, possibly, when two positions coincide. The latter exception is necessary to include the important cases of gravitational attraction or, when dealing with ele...

On the mathematical foundation of classical thermodynamics